Somaliland’s port deal sparks land rush

The crumbling town has languished for decades, but its fortunes look set to change following a multi-million dollar deal to revamp the port, which has triggered a rush to buy land.

Berbera, along the coast from Djibouti, has been a backwater since 1991 when Somaliland broke away from Somalia following a bloody civil war.

The town’s buildings, some dating back to the Ottoman era, stand neglected. Unemployment is rampant, exacerbated by a devastating drought that has decimated livestock, a backbone of the export economy.

But last September Somaliland’s government signed its largest ever investment deal which could allow Berbera to become a major trading hub for goods to and from the Horn of Africa.

The development will be carried out by DP World, a multinational port operator from the United Arab Emirates, which has valued the project at more than $US400 million.

The deal was followed by another with the UAE, signed in March, for a military base a few kilometres down the road.

Locals and investors believe Berbera is on the brink of an economic boom that will make the town wealthy once more.

Adan Abokor, a researcher at the Rift Valley Institute in the capital Hargeisa, says the project has sparked a “land rush”, as diaspora Somalilanders and wealthy businessmen from nearby regions flock to buy a piece of the town.

Though the surrounding land appears deserted, brick foundations enclose recently demarcated plots from the airport to the coast. Freshly built walls sprout into the distance.

“There has been more building in the last two years than in the whole period from 1991,” said Jimale Abdulahi, a local government official.

But not all residents are happy.

Land has long caused trouble throughout Somaliland, and is behind the majority of violent incidents recorded in towns and cities, the Hargeisa-based Academy for Peace and Development (APD) reported in 2010.

Clan disputes have for years been drivers of conflict, aggravated by the destruction or loss of legal documentation during the civil war, leading to competing title claims.

Despite the existence of a national land law since 2001, clan ownership is still seen as the dominant, if unofficial property ownership system throughout most of the country.

In Berbera, the Ise Musa clan has dominated local politics since the late 1990s, and some fear the arrival of outsiders will threaten this.

Sayeed “Sonny” Sayeed, a young resident, told the Thomson Reuters Foundation that many in the town are suspicious of the port deal, suspecting the plans will alter Berbera’s clan composition.

“People from other regions want to take over,” he said. “If they move here then new people will be born in this place, so that they can vote here.”

His friend Ahmed Nazal said returning members of the diaspora were welcome, but only if they originally hailed from the area.

“If not, they should go and invest in their own regions,” he said.

Others who spoke to the Thomson Reuters Foundation disagreed, saying diaspora investment would be good for the town.

“These lands were empty, no one was investing here,” said Salelan Adel, a young unemployed man.

“It will give locals the chance to finally develop the lands that we own.”

Jama Musse Jama, head of the Red Sea Cultural Foundation in Hargeisa, said if poorer residents felt excluded from development “then for the first time the risk is of class rather than clan conflict”.

For many Berbera residents, the most pressing concern is jobs.

“DP World has brought order to the port, but it hasn’t brought salaries,” said Yusuf Heebed, a guard at the port since 1977.

Last month workers demonstrated against wage cuts brought in by the new operator and 280 have been laid off.